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PostPosted: Sun 24 May 2026 8:40 pm 
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agus bheartaigh sé, dá bhrí sin, filleadh thar n-ais go Calcutta. Ar an mbóthar do, tar éis cheithre chéad míle ’ chur de agus dhá chéad míle fós le dul aige, thúirlig sé dá chapall agus chuaigh ag lámhach sa mhothar ar thaobh na slí. Nuair d’fhíll, is amhlaidh a bhí ná a sheirbhíseach agus na capaill gofa ag cúigear cneamhairí agus iad ag déanamh foghla ar a chuid bagáiste. Do phreab sé chúthu agus scaoil leó agus chuir pileár i mbolg duine acu. Do scaoil duine acu-san leis thar n-ais le ceann dá phiostail féin, gur ghuin sa truigh é. Do bhailíodar leó ansan leis an sluid, agus b’éigin dom dhriotháir dhá chéad míle ’ chur de sa riocht san, é gunta go holc, gan fáil ar chúnamh aige sa dúthaigh bhrothallach san, agus tosach saosúir na báistí ann fairis sin. Do sheasaimh an misneach agus an corp sláintiúil do agus do shrois sé Calcutta fé dheireadh, mar a bhfuair sé leigheas gan mhoíll.
Ní raibh sé dearúdta ag á cháirde ansúd agus tar éis tamaill, ó thárla go caothúil Major Palmer ag dul suas go Poonah ’na Chómhnaitheach ag cúirt Peshwa na Mahrattas, sholáthraíodar leitreacha adhmholtha dho le breith ag triall ar an gcúirt sin agus ghluais sé i bhfochair Major Palmer fé mhór-shláinte agus fé mheanmnain, agus súil aige go mbeadh, ar a laíghead, ceannas catha órdanáis aige. Ó shin i leith, ní bhfuaras tásc ná tuairisc ar an gcrích d’imigh air, ach tá mo mhuinín agus mo dhóchas as gur crích fhónta é. Do bhí corp sláintiúil aige agus misneach seasmhach, bhí sé dea-labhartha agus tá, ní foláir, aibiú tagaithe fén am so ar a mheón, agus eólas ar chúrsaí saeil, ó éagsamhlacht na n‑eachtraithe ’ thárla dho. Táim ag brath le dóchas go mbuailfead arís leis agus is me ’ bheidh áthasach de chionn na teangmhála san.
An tarna driotháir do bhí agam, Matthew, níorbh ionann meón do in aon chor agus do William; ba lú teasaí é agus ba mhó go mór an stuaim a bhí ann; ba thostach é agus ba thugtha do mhachnamh. ’Nár measc féin thugaimís an Spectator air, ó ghiorracht a aghaidh agus ón dtost a chleachtadh sé; ach bíodh ná raibh chómh ré‑bhriathrach le Will agus ná tagadh leis, a dháltha-súd, suaithinseacht mhór, a bhíodh go minic ar bheagán brí, a dhéanamh, agus bíodh go raibh sé támáilthe do-ghluaiste ’na mheón i slí go mbíodh sé go minic seachmallach i láthair cuideachtan, do bhí sprid fáin agus díscire ann ba threise ná éinne againn. Ba mhór aige taisteal, agus eachtraithe, ar a son féin. Dá dheascaibh sin, sara raibh sé na chúig bliana fichead slán, bhí cuaird Shasana tugtha fé dhó nú trí aige, agus bliain caite in America aige, agus an fhaid chéanna in sna hÍndiatha Thiar. Ar fhilleadh ón áit dheiridh sin do, duairt sé liom go raibh beartaithe aige dul anonn sa bhFrainnc agus dul in’ óglach i seirbhís na Poblachta. Thugas mo chómhairle agus mo chúnamh do chuige sin. Thárla san i Mí Lúnasa den bhliain . Do ghluais sé anonn, más ea, go Hamburg, chuaigh as san go Dunkirk agus, arna thairiscint féin dóibh in’ Éireannach gur mhór aige d’onóir cead seirbhíse d’fháil in armála na Frainnce, do cuireadh láithreach i bpríosún ar amhras é. D’fhan ansan go Beallthaine, , nuair a scaoileadh é ar órdú Choiste an Chaomhnaithe Phoiblí, agus, ar dhul go Havre de Grâce do, chuaigh sé ar bórd luinge go hAmerica, mar a dtáinig sé slán an tarna huair um Nollaig le línn dom féin bheith, leis, ann ag feitheamh le luíng a bhéarfadh sa bhFrainnc me, i dtreó go rabhamair araon in America i ganfhios dá chéile, ní is oth liom féin go mór, mar ón gcuma atá ar mo chúrsaí‑se fé láthair, níor chuid ba lú ná an baol atá ann ná teangmhóimís choíche arís le chéile; ach ní dual dom an mí-dhóchas.


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PostPosted: Sun 24 May 2026 8:46 pm 
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1. Cheithre chéad: lenition on chéad added.
2. Amhlaidh a bhí ná: the ná is resumptive. This could be understood as amhlaidh a bhí an scéal ná...
3. Bhrothallach: the dsf adjective bhrothallaigh is eschewed here and throughout the text as obsolescent.
4. Ag á: adjusted from ag a.
5. Ag triall ar: adjusted from do. (The original had le breith don chúirt.)
6. Lenition on the word Major, not an Irish word, is rejected in this edition. Maor is the accepted Irish version of this word.
7. Fé mheanmnain: in good spirits. This is adjusted from fé mhórshláinte agus somheanmain in the original, because so-mheanm(n)a is awkward to lenite. The dative meanm(n)ain is rare and fé mheanmna could be used here.
8. Matthew: Matthew Tone (1771-1798). This is adjusted from Maitiú.
9. De stuaim is adjusted to an stuaim in this edition.
10. Aighthe in the genitive is rejected here.
11. Sa bhFrainnc: adjusted from don Fhrainnc.
12. Den bhliain: adjusted from na bliana.
13. Cóiste an Chaomhnaithe Phoiblí: the Committee of Public Safety or Comité de salut public, the French provisional government 1793-1795.
14. An tarna huair: adjusted from den tarna huair.
15. Bheith: adjusted from a bheith, rejecting the use of a supposed infinitival particle in Irish.
16. I ganfhios: adjusted from gan ’fhios.
17. Níor chuid ba lú ná an baol atá ann: there is a rather considerable danger (literally “the danger is not the smallest amount”); adjusted from ní lú ná baol atá ann.
18. Dearúdta: adjusted from imithe i ndearmad.


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PostPosted: Sun 24 May 2026 8:58 pm 
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adhmholadh: eulogy, /əivolə/.
aghaidh: face. Aighthe in the genitive is rejected here, as this declined genitive is very rarely found. Pronounced /əigʹ/.
aibiú: maturation.
amhras: ar amhras, on suspicion,/erʹ aurəs/.
ar a laíghead: at least.
áthasach: joyful. Adjusted from áthastúil.
bagáiste: baggage, luggage.
bolg: “stomach”, /boləgʹ/.
caomhnú: protection, preservation, pronounced /ke:vənu:/.
caothúil: convenient, opportune, or caoithiúil in GCh.
cneamhaire: rogue, /knʹaurʹi/.
crích: the end that became of someone.
cuaird: visit., or cuairt in GCh.
cúrsaí saeil: affairs of the world, with saeil the genitive of saol.
dálta: a dhálta-súd, like him; adjusted from a dhála súd.
de chionn: by reason of.
dearúdta: forgotten. Adjusted from imithe i ndearmad in one passage.
díscire: impetuosity.
do-ghluaiste: unemotional, phlegmatic.
dúthaigh: district., or dúiche in GCh.
éagsamhlacht: unusual nature, uncommonness, /iag'sauləxt/.
GCh has éagṡúlacht.
éinne: anyone; adjusted from aoinne.
fairis sin: also, to boot. Fairis is adjusted from farais in the original.
fán: wandering.
fé mheanmnain: in good spirits. The dative meanm(n)ain is rare and fé mheanmna could be used here. Pronounced /fʹe: vʹanəminʹ/.
fé mhór-shláinte: in good health.
foghail: plundering, pillaging, /foulʹ/.
fóir: limit, boundary. Thar fóir, “beyond measure, utterly”.
giorracht: shortness; adjusted from girreacht.
Pronounced /gʹi'rɑxt/.
guinim, guin: to wound, or goinim, goin in GCh.
gunta: wounded., or gonta in GCh.
lámhaim, lámhach: to shoot, lɑ:mʹ, lɑ:x/.
leigheas: “remedy, cure, treatment”, /lʹəis/.
meón: mind.
mí-dhóchas: despair.
mothar: thicket, jungle.
oth: regrettable; adjusted from aithreach.
pileár: bullet, /ple:r/.
piostal: pistol.
ré-bhriathrach: with an easy way with words. Pronounced /re:'vriərhəx/.
saosúr: season, or séasúr in GCh.
scaoileadh le: to fire at.
seachmallach: neglectful; wandering, absent.
seasaím, seasamh: to stand. Rud do sheasamh duit, for something to stand you in good stead.
sluid: booty, plunder, or slad in GCh.
sprid: spirit; adjusted from spioraid.
stuaim: level-headedness.
suaithinseacht: remarkable display (showing off).
tairgim, tairiscint: to offer, present, /tɑrəgʹimʹ~tɑrʹigʹimʹ, tɑrʹiʃkʹintʹ/.
taisteal: travel.
támáilthe: shy.
teangmháil: meeting, /tʹaŋə'vɑ:lʹ/.
GCh has teagmháil.
teangmhaím, teangmháil: to encounter, come into contact with, /tʹaŋə'vi:mʹ, tʹaŋə'vɑ:lʹ/.
tost: silence.
tostach: taciturn, /təs'tɑx/.
truigh: foot, or troigh in GCh.
túirligim, túirleacan: to dismount.


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PostPosted: Sun 24 May 2026 9:03 pm 
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So, I have listed 195 vocabulary items on those pages. I hope anyone with questions will ask them.


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PostPosted: Sun 24 May 2026 11:19 pm 
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In addition to posing any questions in regards to anything that does not seem clear, I will try to add additional notes regarding forms specific to Corca Dhuibhne (CDh) Irish when necessary.

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PostPosted: Sun 24 May 2026 11:26 pm 
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Thank you for the notes.
djwebb2021 wrote:
2. Sháraigh sé Caesar: the English has Caesar, the Irish Oscar, but there is no evidence that Wolf Tone, who lived in an Anglo-Irish bubble and mixed with Protestants only, as this book shows, had ever heard of Oscar.
First part of Macphersons's Ossianic poems came out in 1761. It is at least probable that Wolf Tone heard about Oscar. Anyway this is certainly a conscious choice of Pádraig Ó Siochfhradha and I'm not sure why it would need to be adjusted.
Same could be argued about other phrases. What's wrong with "dá n-abraínn é" and "i leith"? "duine ar leith": "ar leith" seems to be a variant of more common "ar leith­iligh". Is in Dinneen and in Croidhe Cainnte Chiarraidhe, so it was definitely used in Munster.


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PostPosted: Sun 24 May 2026 11:28 pm 
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djwebb2021 wrote:
Tá insa leabhar so aistí agus dialanna do scríbh Theobald Wolfe Tone insna blianta idir 1791 agus 1798, ’na thaobh féin agus i dtaobh na n‑imeachtaí agus na ngnóthaí, idir phoiblí agus príobháideach, go raibh sé páirteach iontu. Tá ann mar aon leó-san nithe do scríbh a mhac chun na mbeárthnacha ’ líonadh a thárla i dtuairisc an athar nú de dheascaibh cuid de sna dialanna a scríbh sé ’ bheith caillthe. An leabhar a chuir a mhac, William, in eagar, agus a foílsíodh i Washington sa bhliain 1826, ’sé is bun údaráis leis an aistriúchán so. Níor bhacas leis na paimpléidí ná na meamraim pholaitíochta atá sa leabhar san de bhrí a fhaid agus a thruime a bhí an saothar so dá n‑iúnais, agus de bhrí ná fuil aon léiriú nua iontu ar thuairimí ná ar mheón an té a scríbh iad seochas mar atá cheana le fáil nú le tuiscint insna dialanna. Thugas Beatha mar theideal coiteann ar an meascra le chéile.

Níor leanas den órd a bhí ar na habhair sa bhun-leabhar ná in aon ath-eagrán de dár foílsíodh ó 1826. Tá ath-órd curtha orthu d’fhonn iad a bheith i ndiaidh ’ chéile i gcómh-fhreagairt do ghluaiseacht na haimsire. Táid siad roinnte ’na rannaibh i bhfuirm caibidlí, fé theidil agus fo-theidil. D’fhonn cabhair a thabhairt don léitheóir chun nithe áirithe d’aimsiú, táid na nithe deiridh sin ar fad bailithe i dtosach an leabhair i bhfuirm cláir, in inead an index nárbh fiú, dar liom, a chur le haistriúchán mar seo.
An tAistritheóir.


Additional notes:
do scríbh (do scríobh): corresponding to David's transliteration the more common dialectal form would be do scríbh in the past tense, rather than do scríobh as it is written in the original manuscript. A more logical spelling might be something like *scríghimh, as it would correspond to regular grammatical rules applicable to Munster dialects, e.g. second conjugation (verbs ending in -igh) verbs who possess the ending -amh in their verbal noun form take the ending -imh in the analytic past tense and second person singular imperative (e.g. seas --> seasamh (verbal noun) --> sheasaimh and seasaimh ('... stood' and 'stand!'), and scrígh --> scrígheamh --> scríghimh). I would propose the spelling scríghimh as opposed to scríbhimh, as the form scrígh is often used in these contexts as well, and not all verbs that have a verbal noun form ending in -amh consistantly follow this pattern.
insna blianta (ins na blianta): in CDh the form ins na or 'sna (i.e. 'in the (plural)')is often replaced by 'sa (typically meaning 'in the (singular)'), though it calls for the same mutations as the expected plural form.
mar aon le: 'in addition to'
thárla: often thárlaidh in CDh
de dheascaibh: prounounced do dheascaibh, as is expected with the regular convolution of the two preposotions.
de na: pronounced (and often spelt) dosna
sa bhliain: sa often takes eclipsis (as opposed to lenition) before the nouns bliain, breis, méid, mí. In many dialects there is a distinction between sa bhliain (referencing a single year) and sa mbliain (per year/in a single year), though Diarmaid Ó Sé did not draw this distinction, suggesting that sa mbliain may be used in both contexts in CDh Irish.
tuiscint: tuigsint in the original. Both forms are found in CDh
abhair: as David notes there is a distinction in pronunciation (at least in CDh) between abhar (/ɑur/), as it is used here, and ábhar (/ɑ:vər/), meaning few. This can be confusing, since both are spelt ábhar in the Caighdeán Oifigiúil, and both are often spelt adhbhair in pre-reform spelling.
sa bhun-leabhar: san mbuinleabhar in the original. Not sure why this form is given, as it wouldn't be expected in the dialect. Giving the first couple pages a quick scan it looks like eclipsis after san is given almost entirely (the only exception I saw so far being sa bhliain above), though, not eclipsing d or t
cómh-fhreagairt: cóimhfhreagairt in the original. Note the mh is not pronounced: có'-fhreagairt
rannaibh: dative plural of roinn. The dative plural is not common in the modern CDh dialect outside of certain set phrases.

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PostPosted: Sun 24 May 2026 11:42 pm 
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mbuinleabhair is just the caol le caol rule. PÓS decided that as leabhar has a slender l, the other part of the compound had to end with a slender n.


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PostPosted: Sun 24 May 2026 11:52 pm 
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Location: Denver, Colorado
djwebb2021 wrote:
mbuinleabhair is just the caol le caol rule. PÓS decided that as leabhar has a slender l, the other part of the compound had to end with a slender n.


I should have clarified that when I said I didn't know why he provided the form san mbuinleabhar I was referring to the eclipsis after san rather than lenition, as would be expected.

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PostPosted: Mon 25 May 2026 4:51 pm 
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Do bhain oiread san eachtraithe dhúinn araon, agus sinn tagaithe slán chómh hilmhinic ó chúrsaí baeil, go bhfuil cineál de dhán-chreideamh tagaithe dhom agus mar sin tá súil agam go bhfeicfead an lá, agus nára fada go dtí san, nuair ’ bheidh mo mhuíntir ar fad le chéile ath-uair, agus measaim go mbeidh, nú gur ceart go mbeadh, an éirim chun éachta tráite fén am san ionainn go léir.
Dáltha William tá tréith filíochta i Matthew agus cheap sé iarrachtaí beaga den chineál fhionóideach, agus ní mí-shlachtmhar in aon chor iad. Buachaill groí is ea é agus tá grá dílis agam do. ’Sé a aos, i láthair na huaire, a sé nú a seacht fichead de bhlianta. Poblachtaí dílis dúthrachtach is ea Matthew agus thabharfadh sé a bhfuil aige, measaim, ar son a chuid prínseabal. Ní fheadar conas a ghoíll an tréimhse fhada ’ thug sé i bpríosún Franncach air, ach, mura bhfuil dearúd orm, ní dó’ go dtáinig athrú ar bith ar a mheón dá dheascaibh. Is mó measarthacht ar gach slí é ná William nú me féin: mar tá éileamh mór againn-na araon ar shúbhachas agus ar chaitheamh aimsire, agus claonadh chun gaigíochta ná fuil in aon chor ansúd. B’fhéidir ná déanfadh beagán beag den locht san aon díobháil do, agus nár lú-de a thaithneamhaí é.
Is óige go mór mo threas driotháir, Arthur, ná éinne againn, óir is sa bhliain 1782 a rugadh é agus fágann san cheithre bliana déag d’aois anois é. Dar liom, nuair a dh’fhásfaidh sé, is é William in’ ath-bhreith a bheidh ann, ’na mheón agus ’na phearsain. Buachaill breá praitinniúil is ea é, é chómh díomhaoin le lúidín a’ phíobaire (dár ndáltha go léir siar go heireaball), tréithe éirimiúlachta ann, agus é chómh dána le león. Do bheartaigh m’athair atúrnae ’ dhéanamh de agus gan buachaill riamh ar an saol ba neamh-oiriúnaí don ghairm sin ná é. Ó bhí an éirim ba dhual do óna mhuíntir ann chun fánaíochta, b’é a mhian féin dul le máirnéalacht. Do bhí an t-athair ceann-tréan, bhí súd féin amhlaidh agus ba bhaol an buachaill a dhul ar neamaitheas nuair d’éirigh liom‑sa a thathant ar an athair cead a thabhairt é ’ leogaint ar mhuir-eachtra amháin, pé sceal é. Dá bhrí sin, d’imigh sé ar luíng i dteannta captaein dárbh ainm Moyler sa Phoirtingéil. Tuairim dhá bhliain déag d’aois ’ bhí sé an uair sin. Ar fhilleadh dho do thaithn an fharraige chómh mór san leis go ndeighidh sé ’na phríntíseach fé bhannaí chun an Chaptaein Moyler, agus chuaigh sé siúd ar eachtra go Lúndain, agus ar an tarna heachtra go dtí an Poirtingéil. Ar fhilleadh dho ón dturas deiridh sin, theangmhaigh sé liom‑sa i mBéal Feirste le línn dom bheith ag imeacht go hAmerica agus do chin sé ar dhul liom. Thaithn liom é ’ bheith ’nár dteannta, agus mar sin ghluais sé thar an aigéan Atlantach arís in éineacht liom‑sa, agus d’fhan thall nú gur chineas ar dhul sa bhFrainnc nuair a bheartaíos é ’ chur go hÉirinn chun a dh’fhógairt dom cháirde ansúd cad a bhí ar siúl agam. Do chuireas é, dá bhrí sin, ar bórd an Susanna fén gCaptaein Baird ag Philadelphia, an 10ú lá de mhí na Nollag, 1795. Ó shin i leith, toisc imeachtaí an tsaeil, níorbh fhéidir liom a thásc a chlos, ach tá muinín agam gur shrois sé ceann cúrsa go slán agus gur chuir sé an gnó a tugadh do chun críche go feidhmiúil discréideach.
Óig-bhean álainn is ea mo dhrifiúr Mary. Tá aici go huile na tréithe meóin atá ionainn-na, mar aon leis an mánlacht go léir a bhaineann leis na mnáibh. Dá mb’fhear í, bheadh sí díreach ar nós duine againn‑na, agus fé mar atá, toisc gur tógadh i measc buachaillí í—óir ní raibh riamh againn ach aon drifiúr amháin eile, a cailleadh ’na leanbh—tá nós machnaimh na bhfear tagaithe dhi, gan baint ón mbuigeacht bhanda san ’na hiompar is cuí dá chineál agus dá haois. Nuair a cuireadh ar díbirt go hAmerica me, fé mar ’ neósad síos anso, bheartaigh sí bheith páirteach i m’annró, agus mar sin tá sise leis, ar nós na coda eile againn, tar éis turais an aigéin Atlantaigh a chur di.


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