Can you help me?
An féidir leat cabhrú liom?

I need some help
tá cúnamh uaim

Can somebody explain what's going on here? How come the word help is so different in each of these places? We are treating "help" as a noun in both cases, right? I haven't really started trying learning about the different cases of nouns yet (nom-accus, vocative, genitive, plural).

guh raibh maith agat! bíodh lá deas agat!

They're basically synonymous, albeit different nouns are more common than others in certain phrases. Cuidiú also means help.

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I'm an intermediate speaker of the Corca Dhuibhne dialect of Irish and also have knowledge on the old spelling
Soir gaċ síar, fé ḋeireaḋ thíar